Supplement
Supports electrolyte balance, enzymatic activity, and metabolic signaling.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Superscript reference numbers link to the Sources bibliography.
Composite Rating
Blends evidence depth, community direction, safety friction, and completeness.
Evidence Intensity
100/100
High depth from human/RCT/meta counts
Community Direction
-11
Mixed / Neutral • confidence Moderate
Safety Friction
100/100
High signal from adverse/interaction markers
Data Completeness
100%
Studies 15 • mentions 14 • links 26
Not medical advice. This product is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.
FDA disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Dietary supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Results may vary. Not intended for use by pregnant or nursing women, individuals under 18, or those with known medical conditions without physician consultation.
If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.
Goal alignment: Metabolic Health, Energy, Heart Health, Longevity.[11,307,358, etc.]
Dose guide: Follow product label and start with the lowest effective daily serving..[11,307,358, etc.]
Category
Mineral
Evidence Tier
HIGH
Daily Guide
Follow product label and start with the lowest effective daily serving.
Clinical Depth
Humans: 3,782 • RCTs: 315 • Meta: 36
Cohort / Real-World
Cohort signals: 0
Safety Markers
Adverse signals: 13,167 • Interactions: 17,552
Freshness, trend, and study timeline for this item
Status
Trend
↑ Growing evidence base
Depth
8567 total studies · 1 recent
Timeline
Animal-only studies
29,779
Interaction signals
17,552
Safety adverse signals
13,167
In vitro / tissue
11,367
Total indexed
8,567
Human studies
3,782
Weighted direction score: -11 (Mixed / Neutral)
High when >=2 human meta-analyses, or >=5 human RCTs with substantial human literature volume.
Animal-only studies
29,779
Interaction signals
17,552
Safety adverse signals
13,167
In vitro / tissue
11,367
Total indexed
8,567
Human studies
3,782
Randomized trials
315
Meta-analyses
36
Distribution of evidence by study design strength
Evidence Strength: High
Composite of study volume, RCTs, and meta-analyses
PMID 35365361 • 2022 Jun
ESPEN micronutrient guideline.
Clin Nutr
Open PubMedPMID 36940841 • 2023 Jun
Non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Autoimmun Rev
Open PubMedPMID 37065742 • 2023
The association between micronutrient levels and diabetic foot ulcer: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
Open PubMedPMID 30556597 • 2018 Dec 17
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
Open PubMedPMID 39624091 • 2024
Healthy lifestyle choices: new insights into vitiligo management.
Front Immunol
Open PubMedPMID 26265293 • 2015 Dec
Dietary intake of iron, zinc, copper, and risk of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.
Neurol Sci
Open PubMedPMID 35653117 • 2022 Jul 1
Long-term Outcomes of Adding Lutein/Zeaxanthin and ω-3 Fatty Acids to the AREDS Supplements on Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: AREDS2 Report 28.
JAMA Ophthalmol
Open PubMedPMID 11594942 • 2001 Oct
A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8.
Arch Ophthalmol
Open PubMedPMID 32858063 • 2021 Mar
Dietary Nutrient Intake and Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 and 2.
Ophthalmology
Open PubMedPMID 38097963 • 2023 Dec 14
Effects of a low-protein nutritional formula with dietary counseling in older adults with chronic kidney disease stages 3-5: a randomized controlled trial.
BMC Nephrol
Open PubMedPMID 22840421 • 2012 Nov
The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2): study design and baseline characteristics (AREDS2 report number 1).
Ophthalmology
Open PubMedPMID 18803940 • 2008 Oct
Lipoperoxidation and hemodialysis.
Metabolism
Open PubMedPMID 30190489 • 2018 Sep 6
Wilson disease.
Nat Rev Dis Primers
Open PubMedPMID 32545596 • 2020 Jun 12
Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?
Nutrients
Open PubMedPMID 31963293 • 2020 Jan 16
A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System-Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection.
Nutrients
Open PubMedBenefit reports: 5
Adverse reports: 5
No-effect reports: 1
Mixed reports: 3
Unclear reports: 0
Signal confidence: 0.48
Benefits
Adverse
No Effect
Insufficient empirical signal for a directional adjustment.
Reddit evidence: 10 mentions (confidence 0.48) across Biohackers, Supplements.
Amazon signal: 0 products scanned (confidence 0.00).
GNC signal: 0 products scanned (confidence 0.00) [BLOCKED].
PerimeterX / captcha block encountered.
Use adverse/interactions PubMed signal counts for screening; perform clinician review before high-dose or multi-drug stack use.
ODS fact sheet linked for safety review.
Imported legacy community score: 6.0/10 (heuristic mapping confidence 1.00).
Imported legacy monthly cost signal: ~$6.00.
Legacy community note: Recognized mainly as a zinc companion. Health communities consistently advise copper supplementation alongside zinc. Not typically taken as a standalone supplement.
Sentiment Score
-0.24552/100
Benefit Mentions
Adverse Mentions
Best Responders
No responder profile recorded.
post • r/Biohackers • mixed
Figured out why I have felt horrible all these years - I tanked my copper with supplements. In high school, I started taking supplements for acne, primarily zinc. I dismissed the advice to supplement copper alongside, thinking that 25 mg o…
Open mentionpost • r/Supplements • adverse
What to do about anxiety caused by copper supplementation Hello everyone, I have a copper deficiency because I supplemented with 50mg of zinc daily for too long. I've tried supplementing with copper in phases, omitting zinc, and had my lev…
Open mentionpost • r/Supplements • unclear
What dosage of zinc can i take daily indefinitely without also supplementing copper and be fine? I have been trying to find a zinc and copper combo but man it’s hard to find one with quality that also isn’t a multivitamin that has calcium …
Open mentionpost • r/Supplements • mixed
I stopped all supplements after bloodwork. Warning! 3 years ago I was constantly sick so I started a multi vitamin for immune support. I’ve always been a bad sleeper so I also started magnesium and occasionally melatonin. Had some bloodwor…
Open mentionpost • r/Supplements • adverse
How long do the side effects of copper supplementation last? I've been taking copper for over a week and am experiencing side effects. For those who have also had side effects, how long did they last for you?
Open mentionpost • r/Biohackers • unclear
Anyone take copper supplements? How many mgs do you take? Any benefits you’ve noticed?
Open mentionpost • r/Supplements • unclear
i messed up big time. don’t make the same mistake i did. basically i’m a dumbass i took this supplement everyday for 4 months without supplementing copper and now i have pale skin, joint pain, fatigue, depression, loss of appetite, muscle …
Open mentionpost • r/Supplements • unclear
Is there enough copper with this zinc supplement to avoid copper deficiency? 30mg Zinc with 300mcg copper. I’ve been using this daily for about a month now.
Open mentioncomment • r/Biohackers • unclear
You need to use pre 1982 pennies when they were still made from copper.
Open mentioncomment • r/Biohackers • unclear
I wanna emphasize that you still haven't proved that it's copper deficiency thats causing your symptoms. It's entirely possible but not proven
Open mentionamazon
Amazon search for Copper
Rating: n/a | Reviews: n/a
Open productEvidence Sources
Community Sources
PUBMED • Humans + preclinical triage
Counts aggregated from automated literature sweep and tiering rules.
Outcome: Tier HIGH; humans 3782, RCTs 315, meta-analyses 36.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 35365361 from Clin Nutr.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2023 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 36940841 from Autoimmun Rev.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2023 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 37065742 from Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 30556597 from Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 39624091 from Front Immunol.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2015 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 26265293 from Neurol Sci.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 35653117 from JAMA Ophthalmol.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2001 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 11594942 from Arch Ophthalmol.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 32858063 from Ophthalmology.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2023 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 38097963 from BMC Nephrol.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2012 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 22840421 from Ophthalmology.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2008 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 18803940 from Metabolism.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 30190489 from Nat Rev Dis Primers.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 32545596 from Nutrients.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 31963293 from Nutrients.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1450,1866,2128, etc.]
Open source